La explicación religiosa de las catástrofes naturales: un motivo de la polémica entre cristianos y paganos en la antigüedad (s. II-IV)
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Abstract
En la antigüedad, las catástrofes y las
desgracias naturales se interpretan como una
consecuencia directa del descontento de los
dioses ante las diferentes acciones humanas.
La negativa de los cristianos a participar
en las ceremonias religiosas paganas, y en
última instancia, a reconocer la existencia
de estos mismos dioses, es considerada la
causa de la alteración de la pax deorum. En
consecuencia, se responsabiliza a los cristianos
de las desgracias que acontecen en el
Imperio Romano. La literatura apologética
se hace eco de estos reproches al tiempo que
formula su defensa del cristianismo. Como
prueba de su inocencia, los apologistas
expresan el compromiso de los cristianos
con la sociedad a través del ejercicio de una
conducta cívica ejemplar. A su juicio, los
verdaderos responsables de las catástrofes
naturales son los paganos, quienes con su
conducta inmoral y las persecuciones de los
cristianos han provocado la cólera divina
In Antiquity, catastrophes and natural disasters are interpreted as a direct consequence of the displeasure of the gods to human actions. The refusal of the Christians to participate in the pagan religious ceremonies, and ultimately, to acknowledge the existence of these gods, is believed to be responsible for the alteration of the pax deorum. As a result, they hold the Christians responsible for the misfortunes that happen in the Roman Empire. Apologetic literature echoed these criticisms at the same time that devised his defence of Christianity. As a proof of the Christianity’s innocence, apologists expressed their commitment with society through the practice of an exemplary citizenship. In their opinion, the real culprits of the natural disasters are pagans, who with his immoral conduct and the persecutions of the Christians have provoked the divine anger
In Antiquity, catastrophes and natural disasters are interpreted as a direct consequence of the displeasure of the gods to human actions. The refusal of the Christians to participate in the pagan religious ceremonies, and ultimately, to acknowledge the existence of these gods, is believed to be responsible for the alteration of the pax deorum. As a result, they hold the Christians responsible for the misfortunes that happen in the Roman Empire. Apologetic literature echoed these criticisms at the same time that devised his defence of Christianity. As a proof of the Christianity’s innocence, apologists expressed their commitment with society through the practice of an exemplary citizenship. In their opinion, the real culprits of the natural disasters are pagans, who with his immoral conduct and the persecutions of the Christians have provoked the divine anger
Keywords
Imperio Romano; Antigüedad tardía; Cristianismo; Paganismo; Literatura apologética; Identidad religiosa; Pax deorum; Catástrofe; Desastre natural; “Cólera divina”; Roman Empire; Late Antiquity; Christianity; Paganism; Apologetic literature; Religious identity; Pax deorum; Catastrophe; Natural disaster; “Divine Anger”







