¿En beneficio de una categoría o de un grupo de afiliados? : la extensión de la coisa juzgada de las sentencias que tutelan derechos individuales homogéneos de trabajadores en Brasil
Loading...
Publication date
Authors
Advisors
Department
Research group
Center
Abstract
Se trata de análisis de la extensión de la cosa juzgada
de sentencias procedentes de demandas propuestas
por sindicatos obreros para defender derechos
individuales homogéneos de los trabajadores.
A pesar de la legislación brasileña establecer que la
cosa juzgada de estas decisiones atingirá a todas las
víctimas apenas para beneficiarlas, hay jueces que limitan
su alcance al grupo de afiliados al sindicato autor
de la demanda. El presente demostrará que esta
limitación es inadecuada. En primer lugar porque ignora
la realidad de lucha de clases, de las relaciones
laborales y la ausencia de verdadera manifestación
de voluntad del trabajador en la relación al empleador,
sea empresa privada, sea el Poder Público. Esta
relación está marcada por una desigualdad estructural
entre las partes, que solo se puede amenizar
cuando un ente colectivo representa a los trabajadores.
En segundo lugar, desconsidera la regulación del
derecho brasileño acerca de la organización sindical,
marcada por la unicidad sindical, previendo exclusividad
de representación de cada categoría por un único
sindicato en cada base territorial, alejando, así, su
actuación apenas en nombre de sus afiliados. Por fin,
esta visión deja de lado los principios y objetivos propios
del derecho procesal colectivo, que incluyen una
tutela jurisdiccional más efectiva, justa e igualitaria.
Así, se concluye por inadmisible, en la realidad legal
brasileña y de naturaleza de las relaciones laborales,
la limitación de los efectos de la sentencia de procedencia
a aquellos afiliados previamente al sindicato
autor de la demanda.
This paper aims to analyze the extension of the effects of res iudicata of the collective actions in Brazil when the plaintiff is a workers’ trade union and its object is the “homogeneous individual rights”, specially when it is upheld. Although the brazilian law extends the effects of res iudicata to all the victims of the damage, there are plenty of decisions on the opposite way. Those decisions limit the effects to the workers that are already filiates of the unión. This paper will show that this limitation is not adequate. In the first place, it is not adequate because it does not consider the reality of class struggle of the labor relations and the lack of expression of will of the worker on the relationship to the employer or to the Public Power. This relationships is characterized by an structural inequality that can olny be mitigated when the workers are represented by a collective actor. In second place, it does not consider that the brazillian regulation of the trade unions provides an oneness system, which means that each professional category in each place can be represented by only one trade unión. And that prevent from talking about representaion only of the filiates. Finally, this notion leaves aside the principles and objectives of the collective procedural law, which includes a judicial protection more effective, fair and equitable. Thus at the brazilian legal system and at the natur of the labor relationships it is not posible to consider the limitation of upheld res iudicata of the collective actions to the filiates.
This paper aims to analyze the extension of the effects of res iudicata of the collective actions in Brazil when the plaintiff is a workers’ trade union and its object is the “homogeneous individual rights”, specially when it is upheld. Although the brazilian law extends the effects of res iudicata to all the victims of the damage, there are plenty of decisions on the opposite way. Those decisions limit the effects to the workers that are already filiates of the unión. This paper will show that this limitation is not adequate. In the first place, it is not adequate because it does not consider the reality of class struggle of the labor relations and the lack of expression of will of the worker on the relationship to the employer or to the Public Power. This relationships is characterized by an structural inequality that can olny be mitigated when the workers are represented by a collective actor. In second place, it does not consider that the brazillian regulation of the trade unions provides an oneness system, which means that each professional category in each place can be represented by only one trade unión. And that prevent from talking about representaion only of the filiates. Finally, this notion leaves aside the principles and objectives of the collective procedural law, which includes a judicial protection more effective, fair and equitable. Thus at the brazilian legal system and at the natur of the labor relationships it is not posible to consider the limitation of upheld res iudicata of the collective actions to the filiates.







