Estrategias didácticas y motivacionales en las clases de educación física desde la teoría de la autodeterminación
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Abstract
El objetivo de este artículo es explicar la didáctica de la
educación física desde una perspectiva motivacional, tratando de
ayudar al profesorado a promover la práctica autónoma de actividad
física entre el alumnado. Para ello, en un primer apartado se exponen
los conceptos establecidos por la teoría de la autodeterminación,
mostrando la importancia de satisfacer las necesidades psicológicas
básicas (autonomía, competencia y relación) de los estudiantes, para
lograr formas de motivación más autodeterminadas (participar en
educación física por disfrute, integrándola en el estilo de vida y
considerándola importante) y consecuencias más positivas, como el
aprendizaje o la adherencia a la práctica. En un segundo apartado se
proporcionan estrategias motivacionales concretas, con ejemplos
claros, para que el docente de educación física pueda satisfacer cada
una de las necesidades psicológicas básicas de sus alumnos.
Finalmente, se explica cómo el modelo de educación deportiva, como
ejemplo de modelo de enseñanza que trata de unir el contexto
educativo y de ocio, puede ayudar a satisfacer las necesidades
psicológicas básicas. Este artículo pretende darle un nuevo enfoque a la
didáctica de la educación física, facilitando la labor docente y
convirtiéndose en un recurso práctico
The objective of this article is to explain the physical education teaching from a motivational perspective, trying to help teachers promote students’ autonomous physical activity. In the first section, I explain the concepts established by self-determination theory, showing the importance of satisfying students’ basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) to achieve more selfdetermined forms of motivation (participating in physical education for enjoyment, integrating it in lifestyle, and considering it important) and positive consequences, such as learning or adherence to physical activity. In the second section, I provide specific motivational strategies, with clear examples, for the physical education teacher to satisfy each basic psychological need of the students. Finally, I explain how the sport education model, as an example of a teaching model that tries to connect the educational and leisure contexts, can help to satisfy the basic psychological needs. This article hopes to give a new focus to the physical education teaching, facilitating the teacher work and becoming a practical resource
The objective of this article is to explain the physical education teaching from a motivational perspective, trying to help teachers promote students’ autonomous physical activity. In the first section, I explain the concepts established by self-determination theory, showing the importance of satisfying students’ basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) to achieve more selfdetermined forms of motivation (participating in physical education for enjoyment, integrating it in lifestyle, and considering it important) and positive consequences, such as learning or adherence to physical activity. In the second section, I provide specific motivational strategies, with clear examples, for the physical education teacher to satisfy each basic psychological need of the students. Finally, I explain how the sport education model, as an example of a teaching model that tries to connect the educational and leisure contexts, can help to satisfy the basic psychological needs. This article hopes to give a new focus to the physical education teaching, facilitating the teacher work and becoming a practical resource







