Cerebro, tecnología y discapacidad : expectativas y cuestiones éticas
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Abstract
En muchos de los casos de discapacidad sensorial, motora,
orgánica o intelectual que conocemos, el sistema nervioso,
y en especial el cerebro, está en el origen de la disfunción.
Este complejísimo sistema es susceptible de fallos de diversa
índole, que dan lugar a multitud de discapacidades con
diferentes manifestaciones y efectos, entre ellos, afecciones
que causan merma intelectual. A partir del conocimiento
cada vez mayor del cerebro que proporcionan las neurociencias,
y en combinación con diversas ingenierías como la
informática, de materiales, electrónica y biomédica, surgen
nuevas vías de desarrollo terapéutico, entre ellas la llamada
“neuroingeniería”. Su objetivo es restaurar funcionalidades
dañadas mediante el uso de sistemas electrónicos que
interactúan con el tejido nervioso del paciente. Muchos de
estos sistemas se encuentran en fase de investigación, aunque
presentan resultados esperanzadores. No obstante, su
futuro uso deberá ser cuidadosamente sometido a criterios
éticos, para evitar un uso inadecuado de estos recursos.
In much of the cases of intellectual, organic, motor or sensorial disabilities we know, the nervous system, and especially the brain, is at the origin of the impairment. This complex system is vulnerable to a variety of failures, yielding a multitude of disabilities with a number of signs and effects, some of them leading to intellectual depletion. The increasing knowledge regarding the brain, provided by neuroscience, in combination with a variety of engineering fields, as computing, materials, electronics and biomedicine, brings new therapeutic ways, as the so-called “neuroengineering”. Its aim is to restore damaged functionalities by having electronic systems interact with the patient’s nervous tissue. Many of these systems are still under research, nevertheless showing promising results. However, their future employment must be carefully submitted to ethical criteria, in order to avoid a misuse of these resources.
In much of the cases of intellectual, organic, motor or sensorial disabilities we know, the nervous system, and especially the brain, is at the origin of the impairment. This complex system is vulnerable to a variety of failures, yielding a multitude of disabilities with a number of signs and effects, some of them leading to intellectual depletion. The increasing knowledge regarding the brain, provided by neuroscience, in combination with a variety of engineering fields, as computing, materials, electronics and biomedicine, brings new therapeutic ways, as the so-called “neuroengineering”. Its aim is to restore damaged functionalities by having electronic systems interact with the patient’s nervous tissue. Many of these systems are still under research, nevertheless showing promising results. However, their future employment must be carefully submitted to ethical criteria, in order to avoid a misuse of these resources.







