Educar en memoria histórica y democrática a través de la educación patrimonial: el antipatrimonio
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Abstract
Hace una década iniciamos una línea de investigación sobre educación en memoria histórica
que hemos relacionado a través de los patrimonios controversiales con nuestros trabajos
sobre educación patrimonial, ya que el patrimonio puede ser portador de memorias de naturaleza
conflictiva. El presente artículo pretende ser una revisión de resultados de nuestras
investigaciones a este respecto, planteando qué puede aportar la educación patrimonial, a
través del antipatrimonio, al para qué, qué y cómo enseñar la memoria histórica, singularmente
en nuestro país, pero no exclusivamente. Los problemas socioambientales relevantes con
los que conecta el antipatrimonio están vinculados a valores sociales negativos, discordantes
con la democracia, los derechos humanos, la paz y la no violencia, de ahí su potencialidad
didáctica para la controversia, pero también sus dificultades para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje;
nos centraremos en las de tipo disciplinar, didáctico, curricular, los libros de texto y en
el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en el alumnado. Tales dificultades y limitaciones han
llevado a que buena parte del profesorado, especialmente de nuestro país, opte por evitar la
enseñanza de la memoria en la educación reglada. Por ello, es muy necesario introducir cambios
significativos en el curriculum oficial y los libros de texto, pero es imprescindible mejorar
las prácticas de aula, porque al profesorado no se le ha enseñado a enseñar estos temas. Esta
formación facilitará que el alumnado aprenda habilidades de pensamiento crítico y se eduque
como ciudadano comprometido con la defensa de los Derechos Humanos, la paz y la convivencia
democrática.
A decade ago we began a line of research on historical memory education that we have linked through controversial heritages with our work on heritage education, since heritage can be a carrier of memories of a conflictive nature. This article aims to be a review of the results of our research in this regard, proposing what heritage education can contribute, through anti-heritage, to the why, what and how of teaching historical memory, singularly in our country, but not exclusively. The relevant socio-environmental problems with which anti-heritage connects are linked to negative social values, discordant with democracy, human rights, peace and non-violence, hence its didactic potential for controversy, but also its difficulties for teaching and the learning; we will focus on disciplinary, didactic, curricular, textbooks and the development of critical thinking in students. Such difficulties and limitations have led many teachers, especially in our country, to choose to avoid teaching memory in formal education. Therefore, it is very necessary to introduce significant changes in the official curriculum and textbooks, but it is essential to improve classroom practices, because teachers have not been taught how to teach these topics. This training will help students learn critical thinking skills and educate themselves as citizens committed to the defense of Human Rights, peace and democratic coexistence.
A decade ago we began a line of research on historical memory education that we have linked through controversial heritages with our work on heritage education, since heritage can be a carrier of memories of a conflictive nature. This article aims to be a review of the results of our research in this regard, proposing what heritage education can contribute, through anti-heritage, to the why, what and how of teaching historical memory, singularly in our country, but not exclusively. The relevant socio-environmental problems with which anti-heritage connects are linked to negative social values, discordant with democracy, human rights, peace and non-violence, hence its didactic potential for controversy, but also its difficulties for teaching and the learning; we will focus on disciplinary, didactic, curricular, textbooks and the development of critical thinking in students. Such difficulties and limitations have led many teachers, especially in our country, to choose to avoid teaching memory in formal education. Therefore, it is very necessary to introduce significant changes in the official curriculum and textbooks, but it is essential to improve classroom practices, because teachers have not been taught how to teach these topics. This training will help students learn critical thinking skills and educate themselves as citizens committed to the defense of Human Rights, peace and democratic coexistence.
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Bibliographic citation
Estepa Giménez, J. (2024). Educar en memoria histórica y democrática a través de la educación patrimonial: el antipatrimonio. In REIDICS. Revista de Investigación en Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, (Issue 14, p. 9–27). Universidad de Extremadura. https://doi.org/10.17398/2531-0968.14.01














