Análisis y modificación de conducta -- Vol. 50, n. 183 (2024)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10272/23976
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Item type: Item , Reseña del libro Manual de promoción de la resiliencia infantil y adolescente(Universidad de Huelva, 2024-07) Martín Barrado, Antonio DavidReseña de manual: ¿Es posible seguir viviendo después de situaciones traumáticas? ¿La resiliencia depende de la genética o del aprendizaje social? ¿Se puede educar en resiliencia? Estos y otros muchos interrogantes se resuelven a lo largo de las 344 páginas que componen el Manual de promoción de la resiliencia infantil y adolescente. Rodríguez Muñoz, M. de la F., Morell, J. M. & Fresneda, J. (2015). Manual de promoción de la resiliencia infantil y adolescente. Pirámide.Item type: Item , Influencia del abuso sexual infantil en la somatización, la conducta sociosexual y las relaciones sexuales en la edad adulta(Universidad de Huelva, 2024-07) Quijada Casas, María; Miguel Negredo, Adelia de; García Sánchez, RobertoEn este estudio se ha medido la somatización, la conducta sociosexual y las relaciones sexuales en la vida adulta de víctimas de abuso sexual infantil, analizando cómo aquellas áreas se relacionan entre sí en la edad adulta. Participaron 319 personas, entre las que había 267 mujeres y 52 hombres, y entre ellos, 59 víctimas y 258 no víctimas de abuso sexual infantil (rango de edad 18-72 años). Todos los participantes cumplimentaron en línea, voluntariamente, los autoinformes SCL-90-R, SOI-R, FSFI así como un cuestionario diseñado para medir las experiencias de abuso. Las comparaciones bivariadas en función de haber sino o no víctima de abuso sexual no encontraron ningún resultado significativo en las tres áreas psicológicas evaluadas. En cambio, el análisis específico entre las víctimas mostró que sí había diferencias significativas en el área de la sociosexualidad. Estos resultados deben analizarse con mucha precaución, no pudiendo generalizar. Es preciso tener en cuenta el tiempo transcurrido desde que se sufrió el abuso y tipo de abuso vivido, así como la coexistencia de otros sucesos estresantes, la vivenciación del menor y la asistencia o no a terapia psicológica.Item type: Item , Using the Doggy Issues and Guidance (DIG) Assessment Tool for Informing Individualized, Reinforcement-Based Treatment of Canine Behavioral Issues(Universidad de Huelva, 2024-07) Villegas, Laura; Jessel, Joshua; Magalhães Lemos, FelipeBehavioral issues put dogs at risk of being surrendered to animal shelters and potentially being euthanized. We designed an open-ended interview that has been termed the Doggy Issues and Guidance (DIG) assessment tool to inform the individualized treatment of behavioral issues. Five owners were interviewed using the DIG assessment to identify relevant variables influencing their dog’s behavioral issues. Two dogs then participated in a subsequent functional analysis, empirically validating information obtained from the interviews. Finally, we used cooperation skills training to increase appropriate behavior (i.e., sitting and lying) and replace the behavioral issues (i.e., aggression, barking, jumping) in two canines relying solely on reinforcement. Social validity questionnaires were conducted to evaluate (a) the acceptability, understanding, collaboration, and feasibility of the DIG assessment and (b) acceptability and satisfaction with the treatment outcomes. Owners who completed the social validity questionnaires provided positive ratings for the entire assessment and treatment process.Item type: Item , Estudio piloto sobre la aplicación de recursos de Realidad Virtual para la modificación de medidas componentes de la empatía(Universidad de Huelva, 2024-07) Rodríguez Jiménez, Juan Manuel; Vega Rodríguez, María TeresaEl objetivo del presente estudio piloto es explorar la capacidad potencial de recursos tecnológicos para constituirse en medios adecuados de apoyo a programas de intervención psicosocial. Se han explorado diferentes variables asociadas a la empatía usando el Test de Empatía Cognitiva y Afectiva como herramienta de medición. Como recurso tecnológico se ha empleado Realidad Virtual con grabaciones en 360º. La aplicación del tratamiento se ha realizado sobre una muestra de 34 alumnos de bachillerato, procedentes de diferentes provincias de España. Los resultados indican un bajo efecto sobre la puntuación global de empatía, y un efecto moderado sobre la escala Estrés Empático sobre la muestra global pero eficaz sobre el grupo experimental que previamente puntúa bajo en empatía junto con conducta antisocial, concluyendo la utilidad del uso de este tipo de recursos y la necesidad de ampliar la investigación al respecto.Item type: Item , Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in medical students(Universidad de Huelva, 2024-07) Duarte Cagol, Letícia; Reversi, Mariana; Barbosa, Claudia; Corrêa, RafaelIntroduction: Depressive symptoms affect a large part of the world’s population as well as health professionals, especially medical students. These symptoms are also considered to be one of the risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempts. To this end, this study aims to identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among medical students at the university. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out using a proportional stratified sample of 257 participants. Descriptive analyses were used to analyze the data in the general sample, by gender and period, with a 95% CI. Results: Female students had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in the first cycle of medical training. Final considerations: The importance of implementing strategies aimed at the prevention and promotion of student health in the final years of the medical course is highlighted.Item type: Item , University students' coping strategies in the face of psychological distress(Universidad de Huelva, 2024-07) Mariano, Gabrieli; Dallagnol, Sirlei; Barbosa, Claudia; Corrêa, RafaelIntroduction: Psychological distress is characterized by a set of signs and symptoms, as well as any kind of negative reaction to stressful events caused by everyday life. In the face of psychological distress, people often develop coping strategies. Objective: To identify the coping strategies used by university students in the face of psychological distress. Methodology: Quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out using a stratified proportional and simple random sample of 276 students enrolled from the 1st to the 8th period of the medicine course. Results: Most of the students presented psychological distress, 58.70%. The most frequently used coping strategies were avoidance (10.48±5.09), self-control (10.20±3.78), positive reappraisal (9.76±4.16) and problem solving (9.58±4.12). Students with psychological distress used the coping strategies of avoidanceavoidance (12.23±4.72, p=0.000) and acceptance and responsibility (6.81±3.07, p=0.010), while those without psychological distress showed greater problem-solving (10.45±4.02, p=0.003) as a coping strategy. Conclusion: Students who experience psychological distress develop coping strategies. Research and interventions aimed at developing coping strategies in the face of psychological distress are suggested.Item type: Item , Do patients with suicidal ideation differ from those with suicidal behavior in sociodemographic and clinical variables?(Universidad de Huelva, 2024-07) Aliño Dies, María; Sánchez Reolid, Daniel; Monferrer Balaguer, Marta; Montes Lozano, María Jesús; Fernández Caballero, Antonio; Fernández Sotos, Patricia; Ricarte Trives, Jorge JavierThis observational, analytical, cross-sectional, and prospective study (n=64) differentiates sociodemographically and clinically between two groups (SI and SB) aiming to establish patient profiles. Unmarried women aged 33.39 years (SI) and 28 years (SB), urban residents without children, often students or workers in less specialized roles, identified as middle class. More than 60% of the SI and 83% of the SB received psychopharmacological treatment and outpatient care but were never hospitalized. SI presented onset of suicidal ideation at 26, SB at 23, with 62% of SB before the age of 18. 86.4% of SI and 90% of SB lacked family history of suicide, however, 80% of SI had a family history of mental illness versus 36% of SB. Planning and ideation before attempts increased the risk of severity. Our findings underscore the need for specific prevention and intervention for this population.Item type: Item , Prosociality and Mental Health Indicators in Portuguese Adolescents – Validation of Prosocialness Scale(Universidad de Huelva, 2024-07) Gouveia Gouveia, Ana Catarina; Cunha, Marina; Galhardo, Ana; Carreiras, DiogoOur research aimed to validate the Prosocialness Scale (PS) among Portuguese adolescents. We sought to examine its factorial structure, model invariance across biological sex, reliability, and association with sociodemographic and other relevant variables. Our sample included 454 adolescents aged 13 to 17 who completed self-report measures assessing psychological flexibility, negative emotions, mental health, and prosocial behavior. The PS demonstrated a bifactorial structure comprising a latent factor (prosociality) and two specific factors (actions and feelings). It exhibited satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Moreover, it showed positive correlations with psychological flexibility and mental health while negatively correlating with negative affective states. The PS emerged as a valid and reliable instrument for gauging prosocial behaviors, holding promise for application as a screening tool in educational and clinical settings. It may also facilitate the evaluation of interventions aimed at fostering prosocial conduct.