Revista de economía mundial -- V. 60., (2022)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10272/20826
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Item type: Item , Reseña del libro de Castells-Quintana, D. La esquiva búsqueda de la prosperidad. Una breve historia del pensamiento económico Eds. UAB, Barcelona, 2021(Universidad de Huelva, 2022) Larrú Ramos, José MaríaItem type: Item , Cambios estructurales durante las reformas de mercado: evidencias para Argentina y Brasil entre 1980 y 2008(Universidad de Huelva, 2022) Lucena Giraldo, Javier; García de la Cruz, José ManuelEste estudio observa el cambio estructural y su eficiencia en Argentina y Brasil entre 1980 y 2008, como resultado de la interacción del cambio tecnológico y las innovaciones con las complementariedades. Para ello, se ha estimado una ecuación general sobre el cambio estructural y tres parciales sobre sus componentes. Según los resultados del estudio no hubo crecimiento basado en el cambio estructural en Argentina. En Brasil hubo una respuesta positiva pero débil, lo que apunta a la necesidad de mejorar la coordinación de su sistema de innovación y la articulación de su estructura productivaItem type: Item , External Competition Flattens the Phillips Curve(Universidad de Huelva, 2022) Camba Crespo, Alfonso; García Solanes, José; Torrejón Flores, FernandoIn this paper we elaborate an open economy Phillips curve (OEPC) with micro-founded analysis, in which external competition significantly impacts the domestic inflation rate. This influence is transmitted through two channels: a) the gap between the current and potential growth of imports, and b) real exchangerate misalignment. We estimate this OEPC by applying two econometric techniques, panel regressions and PVAR accompanied by impulse/response analysis. A sample of 15 advanced economies is used with data for the period 1994-2017. The results from both methodologies endorse the validity of this theoretical relationship and suggest that international competition reduces the pricing power of domestic firms, thereby curbing inflationary pressures. We also find that the slope of the OEPC has significantly declined in the years after the Great RecessionItem type: Item , Are Science Students Missing in South America? Productivity and the Labor Market Say Yes(Universidad de Huelva, 2022) Herrero Olarte, SusanaDuring 2002–2011, inequality in South American decreased substantially, in large part because the wage gap between unskilled and skilled professionals narrowed. A feasible generalized least squares model shows that skilled workers contribute less to productivity and thus receive smaller wages increases. We study if this outcome is because of a mismatch between labor market needs and knowledge of professionals with higher education. We use the cluster methodology applied by Izquierdo, et al. (2019) to show how the number of publications in science, as a proxy for the number of science professionals, affects productivity. The results demonstrate that the lack of science professionals is the main constraint on productivity in South American countries. These results help explain the contradiction between high demand for skilled workers, which firms fail to meet, and low compensation among employees with higher educationItem type: Item , Informalidad laboral en 13 ciudades áreas metropolitanas de Colombia (2019-2020)(Universidad de Huelva, 2022) Araujo Martinez, Dalel Rocio; Segrera Castilla, Michael Jair; Jiménez Castilla, Tania IsabelLa informalidad laboral tiene un gran peso sobre la economía mundial y Colombia no es la excepción; históricamente el país se ha caracterizado por manejar altas tasas de informalidad relacionadas a su vez con variables indicadoras de pobreza. El propósito del documento es analizar este vínculo1 en las 13 principales ciudades y áreas metropolitanas de Colombia, bajo el escenario COVID-19. Con este objetivo, se realizó un análisis de correlación simple y un modelo probit que mide el impacto de variables que componen el Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional (IPM) y variables sociodemográficas (edad y género), sobre la probabilidad de ser empleado informal. El estudio da como resultado que la variable que más impacta esta probabilidad es la pobreza monetaria. Finalmente, se describe la importancia de reducir la informalidad para avanzar en el cumplimiento de las metas nacionales relacionadas con la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo SostenibleItem type: Item , Structural Informality and Occupational Classes in a Peripheral Country: Precariousness and In-Work Poverty in Argentina 2003 – 2020(Universidad de Huelva, 2022) Pla, Jésica Lorena; Poy, Santiago; Salvia, AgustínThis article aims to relate the tradition of studies on socio-occupational classes with the perspective of structural informality. Taking Argentina as a case study, it examines how occupational class inequality and job quality condition the level of welfare of the employed population. The study follows a quantitative methodology based on Argentina's Permanent Household Survey. Regression models show a persistent effect over time of social class and job quality on the probability of experiencing poverty and interaction between both variables, suggesting that job insecurity is a transversal phenomenon across occupational classesItem type: Item , The Formalisation of Women's Cooperatives and the Reduction of the Informal Economy in Jordan, Fact or Fiction?(Universidad de Huelva, 2022) Gutiérrez Ponce, Herenia; Chamizo González, Julián; Moffadi Al-Mohareb, ManarThis study examines the possible influence of formalising women's cooperatives on Jordan's informal economy. At the same time, to produce empirical evidence from a theoretical perspective, we study how the crucial challenges of the informal economy affect formalisation. This is an empirical study, both descriptive and inferential, in which several databases are used to extract the relevant data from the sample of 66 Jordanian women's cooperatives in the period from 2011 to 2020. A dynamic panel data model is used for the study variables with controlling for specific fixed effects. The findings indicate that the formalisation policy in the cooperative sector does not affect the informal economy. Instead, the challenges significantly affect the informal economyItem type: Item , Labor Informality During the Pandemic: Crisis and Recovery in Mexico(Universidad de Huelva, 2022) Hualde Alfaro, Alfredo; Ayala Correa, GuillermoInformality is a structural feature of the Mexican labor market of great quantitative and qualitative importance. However, largely due to the confinement of the population, more than ten millions of informal jobs were lost in the first months of the pandemic. With the reactivation of the economy, a higher rate of informality than before the pandemic was registered at the end of 2021. In this article we analyze the evolution of informality during the first year of the pandemic and examine its determinants during this period using a logit model. The analysis illustrates some of the characteristics of the uneven recovery of the Mexican labor market, and the features of a phenomenon that is both a social problem and a challenge for public policyItem type: Item , Análisis del sector de trabajo doméstico de las mujeres en la Unión Europea: enfoque conceptual y limitaciones estadísticas(Universidad de Huelva, 2022) Alonso, Nuria; Trillo, David; Vicent, LucíaEl presente artículo plantea la caracterización y análisis del trabajo doméstico remunerado en varias economías europeas partiendo de su definición y la clarificación de los criterios de medición. Seguidamente, se realiza un análisis del trabajo doméstico en una selección de países europeos, incidiendo en las tendencias previas y posteriores a la llegada de la pandemia. Los resultados permiten concluir que los países del sur de Europa requieren un cambio regulatorio que impulse la mejora de las condiciones laborales en este sector y que, a su vez, respondan a las necesidades de cuidado de muchos hogares con dificultades económicas.Item type: Item , La informalidad y la duración del desempleo de los jóvenes en Latinoamérica. Especial referencia a Ecuador(Universidad de Huelva, 2022) Silva Bichara, Julimar da; Castillo Robayo, Cristian; Delgado, Jorge LuisLos jóvenes de América Latina tienen graves dificultades para integrarse al mercado laboral. La tasa de desempleo juvenil y de informalidad laboral son muy elevadas. Las investigaciones sobre este tema son escasas, centradas en la oferta (capital humano) y poco concluyentes, sobre todo en un contexto de elevada informalidad laboral, como es el caso de Latinoamérica. Por ello, este artículo busca contribuir al debate sobre el desempleo juvenil en América Latina, estimando las principales características del fenómeno (probit), así como los determinantes de la duración (modelo de Kaplan Meier) del desempleo juvenil en Ecuador, y el papel jugado por la informalidadItem type: Item , Análisis de los factores determinantes de microempresarios informales, 2016-2020(Universidad de Huelva, 2022) Palacios Duarte, Pablo Daniel; Gutiérrez Ponce, Herenia; Saavedra García, María LuisaEl objetivo de esta investigación es ofrecer una trayectoria de los factores que determinan que los jefes de familia mexicanos decidan participar en el sector microempresarial informal más visible; antes y durante COVID-19. Se han utilizado los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) y elaborada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) de México. Para su tratamiento y análisis se ha aplicado un modelo de Heckit. Los hallazgos muestran que los ingresos son la causa principal a la economía informal de los jefes de familia, confirmando así la elección como solución de las dificultades económicas. Además, se demuestra que existe una oferta laboral que excluye a la demanda con mayor nivel educativo. Y, los emprendimientos informales se identifican por una mayor remuneración por el tiempo empleado, flexibilidad y disminución del tiempo de trabajo, participación de más miembros del hogar y una menor retribución a las mujeresItem type: Item , Institutional Drivers of Shadow Economy. Empirical Evidence from CEE Countries(Universidad de Huelva, 2022) Iacobuta Mihaita, Andreea Oana; Pintilescu, Carmen; Clipa, Raluca Irina; Ifrim, MihaelaCrises, such as the current pandemic, and the measures meant to tackle with them tend to increase the presence of the informal sector in the official economy, affecting mostly the emerging and developing economies. This situation is characteristic for the eleven CEE countries. These also display certain weaknesses at the economic and institutional level, which increase their vulnerability in times of crisis, with a real danger for the informal economy to grow. This paper aims to investigate the role of the institutional framework in explaining shadow economy in the mentioned countries. The methodological approach consists in a panel analysis using data from the 1996-2017 period and a principal component analysis meant to identify the specificities of each country. Our results demonstrate the influence of both formal and informal institutions on the shadow economy while country-level particularities show that institutional factors act differently in different socio-economic and political environments; consequently, the measures aimed to limit shadow economy should be adapted to each country’s specific contextItem type: Item , Estimation of Informal Economy: Figures for Developed and Underdeveloped Countries Around the World(Universidad de Huelva, 2022) Schneider, FriedrichThis paper estimates the size of the value added of the informal economy for 157 countries over 1991 to 2017 with the help of the MIMIC-method. The results show that OECD countries have by far the smallest informal economies, with sizes below 20 percent of official GDP. Moreover, informal economies are larger in Latin American and sub-Saharan African countries, averaging almost 38 and 39 percent of GDP, respectively. The average informal-economy size over all 157 countries and over 1991–2017 is 30.9 percent. The average decline in informal-economy size from 1991 to 2017 is a remarkable 6.8 percentage points. In addition, results of the size and development of undeclared or informal employment all over the world are shown. Except for Eastern Europe and Central Asia and Southern Africa, informal employment is above 50% of total employment and even over 88% in Southern Asia and SubSaharan Africa. Finally, some policy measures to reduce the informal economy and conclusions are given