Revista de economía mundial -- V. 43., (2016)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10272/12766
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Item type: Item , Icelandic and spanish citizens before the crisis: size matters...and institutions too(Universidad de Huelva, 2016) Cabiedes Miragaya, LauraIn this paper, a comparative analysis between the main political citizen attitudes before the crisis in Iceland and Spain is carried out. After a brief review of political and economical antecendents, it was concluded that in Spain, as well as in Iceland, the key explanatory factors of the deep economic imbalances are located at the institutional sphere. The excesses are related in both cases to political clientelism and to diverse corruptions practices, in such a way that even the alarming signs that preceded “the official date” of the economic crisis, no convenient measures were adopted in time. In this context, the crisis has played a catalyst role, accelerating the demands aimed at achieving a better performance of the democratic system in both countries. Distrust in politicians and in political parties, as well as in other formal institutions, has not been translated neither in lack of confidence in the democracy system per se, nor in poltical apathy. Moreover, the discontent has been in both cases translated into both formulae of more political informal participation and of a greater support to more direct democracy, though through differents channels and with different results. In the discussion, diverse hypotheses are explored in order to explain the main findings in the comparative analysis. On the one hand, some of the variables associated to small-states literature are taken into account, in order to argue the main differences found out between the Spanish and Icelandic cases. On the other, diverse hypotheses from the political science literature are considered in search of a plausible explanation of the major parallelisms foundItem type: Item , Factores explicativos de las redes transnacionales de producción en la Unión Europea: economías centrales vs periferias sur y este(Universidad de Huelva, 2016) Díaz Mora, Carmen; García López, ErenaEste trabajo analiza la estrategia de fragmentación internacional de la producción y la conformación de redes transnacionales en la Unión Europea. A partir de la estimación, con diferentes técnicas, de un modelo de gravedad con datos de comercio de partes y componentes para el sector de la maquinaria y material de transporte, encontramos el papel protagonista que tienen las economías Centrales, y en particular Alemania, en tales redes. Factores como la pertenencia a la UE, la cercanía geográfica y lingüística y la calidad institucional más directamente vinculada al funcionamiento de sector empresarial favorecen el establecimiento y la intensidad de estas cadenas transnacionales de producción. Sin embargo, las diferencias económicas excesivas entre países suponen un lastre cuando se trata de los países Centrales de la UE, mientras que para los países de la Periferia Sur y Este suponen un impulso, apuntando al diferente perfil de integración en redes de unas y otras economíasItem type: Item , PIGS: austeridad fiscal, reformas estructurales y crecimiento potencial(Universidad de Huelva, 2016) Bellod Redondo, José FranciscoEn este trabajo analizamos el impacto de las políticas de austeridad sobre el crecimiento a largo plazo en aquellos países de la Unión Europea más castigados por la crisis económica, conocidos con el acrónimo peyorativo PIGS (Portugal, Irlanda, Grecia y España). Si la tasa de crecimiento a largo plazo de la Eurozona se ha contraído en 1,4 puntos durante la actual crisis, en el caso de los PIGS esa contracción está en el rango 2 – 5,6 puntos. Las causas de esta contracción se encuentran en la conjunción del carácter pro-cíclico de los factores explicativos del crecimiento potencial, y el sesgo recesivo de las políticas de austeridad implementadas en la Unión Europea a partir de 2010 en respuesta a la “crisis del euro” causada por el falseamiento de las cuentas públicas en GreciaItem type: Item , Unit labour costs in the success of german exports (1999-2007)(Universidad de Huelva, 2016) Garzón Espinosa, Eduardo; Fernández Sánchez, RafaelThe German commercial success is often associated to the strategy of internal devaluation that entailed a moderate wage growth. However, the main argument in this paper is that necessarily there have to be other important and different factors that explain the outstanding trade performance, especially the evolution of productivity derived from different export specializations between commercial partners. Therefore, the German export performance is studied in relation to the evolution of the unit labour costs focusing on both unit wages and productivity dynamics sorted by manufacturing branches and particularly in comparison with the four largest economies in the Euro Zone: Spain, Italy, France and the Netherlands. The main conclusion of the study is that the favourable German export dynamic was positively related to the development of unit labour costs primarily through the productivity performance and not via the evolution of wagesItem type: Item , Minimum wages and inequality in Mexico: a Latin American perspective(Universidad de Huelva, 2016) Moreno Brid, Juan Carlos; Garry, Stefanie; Krozer, AliceMexico’s minimum wage has experienced a persistent decline in real terms since the 1970s. At the same time the share of wages in national income has declined steadily, while inequality remains one of the most pressing socio-economic challenges. Despite some important recent progress in Mexican policy, raising the minimum wage in a sustainable manner to meet the constitutional mandate and support a reduction in inequality in the country requires a more profound policy change. This paper present a brief analysis of the minimum wage in Mexico from a Latin American comparative perspectiveItem type: Item , Declining wages for college-educated workers in Mexico: are younger or older cohorts hurt the most?(Universidad de Huelva, 2016) Campos Vazquez, Raymundo M.; López Calva, Luis F.; Lustig, NoraA reduction in the wage premium for skilled labor –and a consistent reduction of overall wage inequality-has played an important role in explaining the fall of income inequality in Latin America during the 2000-2014 period. Consistent with that pattern, wage inequality declined in Mexico since 2000. This paper investigates the possible channels on why the wages of high-skilled workers have declined. Using data from Mexican labor surveys for the period between 2000 and 2014, we investigate if the decline was driven by wages declining more sharply for younger or older workers. We find that wages of older workers declined and the decline was more pronounced the older the cohort. This would seem to support the hypothesis that older workers’ skills became obsoleteItem type: Item , Is inequality really declining in Latin America? Evidence on income, wealth and the social structure(Universidad de Huelva, 2016) Solimano, AndrésThis paper examines several dimensions of inequality in the Latin American region focusing on top income shares and Gini coefficients, top wealth shares and the size wealth distribution. Itc ompares inequality of income according to household surveys and income inequality using tax data showing the former tends to underestimate top shares and gini coefficients and therefore the extent of inequality. The social structure is assesed for economic elites, the middle class and the working poorItem type: Item , The haves and the have-nots in Latin America in the 20th Century(Universidad de Huelva, 2016) Astorga Junquera, PabloThis paper offers for the first time income shares of the top 10% and the bottom 40% of the labour force for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela in the period 1900-2011. The main findings are: i) over this period the top 10% share is, on average, 51.3% and the bottom 40% share 13.2%; ii) in the last thirty years the gap between both tails widened (54.6% vs. 11.9%), despite narrowing inequality in the 2000s; iii) there is no inequality levelling in the middle decades of the last century as experienced in the rich economies. This new long-term evidence confirms that the recent shared decline in inequality has no precedent in the 20th century; but it also shows that, as in the past, high concentration at the top 10% and a relatively low-income share of the bottom 40% continues to be the region’s inequality trademarkItem type: Item , Chronicle of a deceleration foretold income inequality in Latin America in the 2010s(Universidad de Huelva, 2016) Gasparini, Leonardo; Cruces, Guillermo; Tornarolli, LeopoldoAfter a decade of strong progress toward the goal of reducing the high levels of income disparities, there are clear signs of a deceleration in the pace of inequality reduction in Latin America. This paper argues that the deceleration is the result of two set of reasons. First, several of the driving factors of the fall in inequality in the 2000s have lost strength, due to “natural” motives; and second, the external conditions faced by the Latin American economies have worsened in the early 2010s, making further reductions in inequality more difficult